Trade remedies under trade agreements
Some trade agreements have provisions relating to trade remedies.
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Australia and New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Agreement
Since 1990, Australia and New Zealand have agreed to dispense with anti-dumping and safeguard action on goods produced in either country under the Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Agreement. It is still possible to take countervailing action against subsidised goods from Australia. Goods that are trans-shipped through Australia are not exempt.
New Zealand and Singapore Closer Economic Partnership Agreement
New Zealand and Singapore can take anti-dumping and countervailing action against each other.
In the case of anti-dumping action, for initiation and termination purposes, the World Trade Organization's rule of a de minimis dumping margin of 2% is increased to 5%. Also, the volume of dumped imports considered to be negligible is increased from 3 to 5% of total imports.
Anti-dumping and countervailing duties cease after 3 years unless they are reviewed. This differs from the 5 years provided under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules.
New Zealand and Singapore agreed to dispense with safeguard action for goods originating in either country.
New Zealand-Thailand Closer Economic Partnership Agreement
Existing WTO rights and obligations relating to anti-dumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, and safeguard actions are retained.
The agreement also includes a transitional safeguard mechanism to allow either country, in certain circumstances, to temporarily reinstate a tariff. This can only be used over a limited transition period while tariffs are being reduced and eliminated.
New Zealand-China Free Trade Agreement
Existing WTO rights and obligations relating to anti-dumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, and safeguard actions are retained.
The agreement also includes a transitional safeguard mechanism to allow either country, in certain circumstances, to temporarily reinstate a tariff. This can only be used over a limited transition period while tariffs are being reduced and eliminated.
Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement
Existing WTO rights and obligations relating to anti-dumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, and safeguard actions are retained.
ASEAN, Australia and New Zealand Free Trade Agreement
Existing WTO rights and obligations relating to anti-dumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, and safeguard actions are retained.
The agreement also includes a transitional safeguard mechanism to allow either country, in certain circumstances, to temporarily reinstate a tariff. This can only be used over a limited transition period while tariffs are being reduced and eliminated.
New Zealand-Malaysia Free Trade Agreement
Existing WTO rights and obligations relating to anti-dumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, and safeguard actions are retained.
There is also a transitional safeguard mechanism to allow either country, in certain circumstances, to temporarily reinstate a tariff. This mechanism can only be used over a limited transition period while tariffs are being reduced and eliminated.
New Zealand-Hong Kong, China Closer Economic Partnership
Existing WTO rights and obligations relating to anti-dumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, and safeguard actions are retained.